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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">《庄子》导读-逍遥游3</h1>
        

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        <h1 id="《庄子》导读-逍遥游3"><a href="#《庄子》导读-逍遥游3" class="headerlink" title="《庄子》导读-逍遥游3"></a>《庄子》导读-逍遥游3</h1><blockquote>
<p>蜩與學鳩笑之曰：“我決起而飛，搶楡枋，時則不至而控於地而已矣，奚以之九萬里而南為？”適莽蒼者，三飡而反，腹猶果然；適百里者，宿舂糧；適千里者，三月聚糧。之二蟲又何知！<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<p>小知不及大知，小年不及大年。奚以知其然也？朝菌不知晦朔，蟪蛄不知春秋，此小年也。楚之南有冥靈者，以五百歲為春，五百歲為秋；上古有大椿者，以八千歲為春，八千歲為秋，此大年也。而彭祖乃今以久特聞，衆人匹之，不亦悲乎！</p>
<p>.庄子今注今译(套装上下册)(最新修订版)(道典诠释书系)(pp.12-15).商务印书馆.Kindle版本.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>读庄子我们要读的是寓意，所以有些人名，地名我就没有太过于重视（但其中一些因为很有意思，所以我就说了一下），因为庄子书中的故事都是寓言，所以其中有很多的东西都是编造而出，人的事迹也会被庄子乱安，所以我们不太需要重视这些东西。</p>
<p>翻译：</p>
<p><em>禅与学鸠笑它说，我振翅而飞，碰到了榆树与枋木就停下来，有时还没到就落到了地上，哪里用得到飞到九万里的高空再往南飞。到郊外的人，准备好三餐然后返回，肚子还是饱的，到百里外的人，要用一夜准备粮食，到千里外的地方，要用三个月储备粮食。这两个虫子知道些什么呢？小智慧比不上大智慧，寿命短的比不过寿命长的。为什么会知道这样呢？早生晚死的虫子不知道一月的时光。春生夏死，夏生秋死的寒蝉不知道一年的时光，这就是小年。楚国的南部有一个灵龟，以五百年为一个春天，五百年为一个秋天，上古时代有一个大椿树，更是以三千年为一个春天，三千年为一个秋天，这是大年。如今彭祖因为活得久而被人所熟知，人们和他相比，不觉得悲哀吗？</em></p>
<blockquote>
<p>湯之問棘也是已：湯問棘曰：“上下四方有極乎？”棘曰：“無極之外，復無極也。窮髪之北有冥海者，天池也。有魚焉，其廣數千里，未有知其修者，其名為鯤。有鳥焉，其名為鵬，背若太山，翼若垂天之雲，搏扶搖羊角而上者九萬里，絕雲氣，負靑天，然後圖南，〔且適南冥也〕。斥鴳笑之曰：‘彼且奚適也？我騰躍而上，不過數仭而下，翱翔蓬蒿之間，此亦飛之至也。而彼且奚適也？’”此小大之辯也。</p>
<p>.庄子今注今译(套装上下册)(最新修订版)(道典诠释书系)(p.17).商务印书馆.Kindle版本.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>译文：</p>
<p><em>汤这样问棘，汤说：“天地的上下，四方有极限吗？”棘说：“无极的外面，还有无极。不毛之地的北方，有一个海，是天然形成的大池。里面有条鱼，它的背有几千里那么宽广，没有人知道它有多长，它的名字叫做鲲。还有一只鸟，它的名字叫做鹏，它的背像太山一样宽广，它的翅膀像天边垂下的云彩。乘着旋风而直上九万里的高空，超绝运气，背负青天，然后向南飞行。麻雀讥笑它说：“它要到哪里去呢？我跃腾而上，不过几丈就落了下来，在蓬蒿中飞来飞去，就是飞翔的极限了。而它究竟要飞到哪里去呢？”这就是小和大的区别。”</em></p>
<p>庄子在这里将蜩与学鸠与大鹏对比，很有意思。而这里也是逍遥游的一个争议点，就是蜩与学鸠和鲲鹏到底这个小大之辩有没有优劣的区分。汉代郭象在注释庄子的时候，认为这里是无小无大，各安其天性。而另外许多学者如朱桂曜则认为，庄子的本意就是小不如大，还批判说，庄子之所以越解越晦涩，“郭象清谈之过也”。</p>
<p>小大是否有别，个人有个人的看法，我在这里不下定论，读者自己体会。在庄子的眼里，这些“小”乃以为它们的眼界太低，所以没有能够有鲲鹏那样的志向，只能困在自己的小天地里，理解不了天地之外的东西，不过反过来想，鲲鹏难道就能够理解“小”的乐趣吗？</p>
<p>所以，从这个方面来说，蜩与学鸠错在嘲笑他人而不是自身生活有错。</p>

      
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